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ships on the stocks

  • 1 ships on the stocks

    суда, стоящие на стапеле/строящиеся суда

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > ships on the stocks

  • 2 stock

    [stɔk]
    n
    1) запас, фонд
    - word stock
    - commodity stock
    - emergency stock
    - new stock
    - limited stock of words
    - stock of finished products
    - stocks on order
    - check the stock
    - exhaust one's stock of patience
    - have a rich stock of knowledge
    - keep a sufficient stock on hand
    - lay in a stock of coal
    - lay in one's autumn stock
    - reduce one's stock
    - coal stocks are low     - stock account
    - large stock of toys
    - have an excellent selection in stock
    3) товар, инвентарь
    - season stock
    - surplus stock
    - stock on view
    - stocks in hand
    - stock in trade
    - delivery of stock
    - list of items out of stock
    - sale of dairy stock
    - take stock of smth
    - have goods in stock
    4) (обыкновенно pl) акции, ценные бумаги
    - founder's stocks
    - preference stocks
    - bank stocks
    - bearer's stocks
    - government stocks
    - joint stock
    - ordinary stocks
    - security stocks
    - reserve stock
    - capital stock
    - Stock Exchange
    - stock broker
    - stock market
    - stock company
    - stocks and shares
    - stocks for sale
    - new issue of stocks
    - controlling block of stock
    - fall in stocks
    - buy the whole stock of business
    - have one's money in stocks
    - have stocks in this company
    - hold stocks
    - have stocks
    - buy stocks
    - hold stocks for a rise
    - invest one's money in a railway company stocks
    - turn one's stocks into cash
    5) раса, нация, род, группа родственников, родословная, порода, племя

    Their stock was King Alfred. — Их родословная восходит к королю Альфреду.

    The stock dies out. — Эта порода/это племя вымирает.

    - old stock
    - Mongoloid stock
    - true to his stock
    - people of Irish stock
    - of good stock
    - be of the same ethnic stock
    - come from common stock
    - come of a sound stock
    - belong to a Puritan stock
    - preserve the stock
    - two nations are of kindred stock
    - stock remains pure
    6) скот, порода скота
    - grazing stock
    - growing stock
    - farming stock
    - live stock
    - fat stock
    - healthy stock
    - farm with all its stock
    - breed a new stock
    - take in the stock for the winter

    The gun was fitted with a special stock. — К пистолету была приделана специальная рукоятка.

    - rifle stock
    - gun stock
    8) стапель (и все, что связано с кораблями)
    - stock of a anchor
    - ships on the stocks
    - be on the stocks
    9) парк (транспортный, подвижного состава)

    The airliner was on the stocks. — Воздушный лайнер строится.

    - rolling stock
    - railway rolling stock
    - locomotive stock     - soap stock
    11) стандарт, шаблон

    It's the stock dodge. — Это обычная шаблонная увертка.

    He has three stock speeches. — У него есть три заранее заготовленные речи.

    To stand like a stock. — ◊ Стоять как чурбан/болван

    - stock figure
    - stock car
    - stock brick
    - stock greeting
    - stock argument
    - stock phrase
    - stock joke
    - stock pastime
    - stock comparison
    - stock medicine
    - stock repertoire
    - stock actor
    - stock character in pantomime

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > stock

  • 3 STOKKR

    (-s, -ar),
    1) stock, trunk, block, log of wood (skutu þeir stokki í hryginn svá at í sundr tók); fœra fórnir stokkum eða steinum, to offer to stocks or stones;
    2) the wall of a log-house; innan stokks, fyrir innan stokk, inside the house, in-doors (Hrútr fekk henni öll ráð í hendr fyrir innan stokk); útan stokks, fyrir útan stokk, outside the house, out-of-doors;
    3) = setstokkr; drekka e-n af stokki, to drink one under the table; stíga á stokk ok strengja heit, to place one’s foot on the stock (setstokkr) and make avow;
    4) board along the front of a bed (Egill gekk til rekkjunnar Armóðs ok hnykkti honum á stokk fram);
    6) stock of an anvil (klauf Sigurðr steðja Regins ofan í stokkinn með sverðinu);
    9) a pair of stocks for culprits; setja e-n í stokk, to set one in the stocks;
    10) a piece of wood put on the horns of cattle (var stokkrinn af hornum graðungsins);
    11) trunk, chest, case.
    * * *
    m. [A. S. stoc; Engl. and Germ. stock; Dan. stok, etc.]:—a stock, trunk, block, log of wood; þar höföu stokkar stórir verit fluttir heim, ok svá eldar görvir sem þar er siðvenja til, at eldinn skal leggja í stokks-endann, ok brennr svá stokkrinn, Egill greip upp stokkinn, Eg. 238; sá eldr sem lagðr er í eiki-stokkinn, Bs. i. 223; hann settisk á einn stokk er stóð fyrir honum, Finnb. 222; þeir görðu brúar stórar yfir díkit ok görðu stokka undir, Fms. xi. 34; skyrker stóð á stokkum í búrinu, Sturl. iii. 192; hann lét hola innan stokk einn, Mar.; skutu þeir stokki á hrygginn, Fms. vii. 227: allit., stokka eðr steina, stocks or stones, ii. 265, vii. 227, x. 274, Grág. ii. 132, 360 (of idols).
    II. spec. usages, stocks on which ships are built (bakka-stokkar); skipit hljóp af stokkunum fram á ána, she slipped from off the stocks into the river, Fms. viii. 196:—the mast-step, tók tréit at falla fram eptir stokkinum, ix. 386:— the gunwale of a ship (borð-stokkr), Fas. ii. 38:— the plates or beams laid horizontally on a wall, hence the mod. Norse stokka-búr, Gísl. 88; hence the phrases, ‘innan stokks’ or ‘fyrir innan stokk,’ in-doors, opp. to ‘útan-stokks,’ ‘fyrir útan stokk,’ out-of-doors; according to an Icel. phrase, the wife rules ‘innan-stokks,’ the husband ‘útan-stokks,’ Nj. 11, Ísl. ii. 401, Grág. i. 333, Rd. 176; innan stokks eðr innan garðs, Gþl. 136: = gafl-stokkr, Eg. 91: = set-stokkr (q. v.), Nj. 202, Gísl. 72, Grág. ii. 119; hann gékk síðan inn í eldahús ok steig síðan á stokk upp ok skaut exinni upp á hurð-ása, 182; Hörðr stóð við stokk, ok gékk nú hit fyrsta sinni frá stokkinum ok til móður sinnar, Ísl. ii. 15, cp. Flóam. S. ch. 4 (the local name Stokks-eyrr): cp. also the phrase, strálaust er fyrir stokkum, no straw before the benches. Fas. ii. 38:— a bed-side (rúm-stokkr), hvíla við stokk eðr þili, Sturl. i. 207; á stokk fram, Ld. 214, Eg. 560; sitja fram á stokk, 396:—the stock of an anvil, Edda 74: the stock of an anchor, see stokklauss:— a pair of stocks for culprits, setja e-n í stokk, to set one in the stocks, Bs. i. 910; liggja í stokki við vatn ok brauð, Rétt. 6l; fella stokk á fætr e-m, … sitja í stokkinum, Fas. i. 125: also of a piece of wood put on the horns of cattle, Eb. 324: the single square pieces of a silver belt are called stokkr, whence stokka-belti = a belt composed of several pieces clasped together, as worn by ladies in Icel.
    2. a trunk, chest, case, Pm. 103, Ld. 326, Sd. 191; sívalr stokkr af tágum ok sefi, Stj. 251: freq. in mod. usage of small cases in which women keep their things (often carved), þráðar-s., prjóna-stokkr.
    3. the narrow bed of a river between two rocks is called stokkr, or áin rennr í stokk, Hbl. 56, freq. in mod. usage.
    4. phrases, drekka e-n af stokki, to keep drinking with one till he drops, Ó. H. 71; sitja e-n af stokki, to sit one out, till he leaves; stinga af stokki við e-n (mod. stinga e-n af stokki), to prick one out of one’s seat, Nj. 166; stíga á stokk ok strengja heit, to place one’s foot on the stock (the set-stokkr) in making a vow, a heathen rite, Fas. ii. 293.
    5. a pack of cards.
    COMPDS: stokkabelti, stokkabúr, stokkaker.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > STOKKR

  • 4 stökkr

    (-s, -ar),
    1) stock, trunk, block, log of wood (skutu þeir stokki í hryginn svá at í sundr tók); fœra fórnir stokkum eða steinum, to offer to stocks or stones;
    2) the wall of a log-house; innan stokks, fyrir innan stokk, inside the house, in-doors (Hrútr fekk henni öll ráð í hendr fyrir innan stokk); útan stokks, fyrir útan stokk, outside the house, out-of-doors;
    3) = setstokkr; drekka e-n af stokki, to drink one under the table; stíga á stokk ok strengja heit, to place one’s foot on the stock (setstokkr) and make avow;
    4) board along the front of a bed (Egill gekk til rekkjunnar Armóðs ok hnykkti honum á stokk fram);
    6) stock of an anvil (klauf Sigurðr steðja Regins ofan í stokkinn með sverðinu);
    9) a pair of stocks for culprits; setja e-n í stokk, to set one in the stocks;
    10) a piece of wood put on the horns of cattle (var stokkrinn af hornum graðungsins);
    11) trunk, chest, case.
    * * *
    1.
    or stökr, m. [provinc. Norse staak = noise], a stir, disturbance; vær kómum stökk (dat.) í lið þeirra, we put them to flight, Stj. 515; ek mun vita ef ek koma nokkurum stökk í lið þeirra, Fms. viii. 49; áðr hann görði stökk í órum búðum, ere he brought discord into our dwelling, Bjarn. 28 (in a verse, if thus to be emended); stökkr óx, the swell (of the sea) waxed, Edda (Ht.)
    2.
    adj. ‘springing,’ brittle, of steel or the like; koparr harðr ok stökkr, Fms. v. 344; stökkr stálbugr, Hallgr.
    2. slippery; sólinn var stökkr … rasar Sturla, Bs. i. 527.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > stökkr

  • 5 block

    1. noun
    1) (large piece) Klotz, der

    block of wood — Holzklotz, der

    2) (for chopping on) Hackklotz, der
    3) (for beheading on) Richtblock, der
    4) (large mass of concrete or stone; building-stone) Block, der
    5) (coll.): (head)
    6) (of buildings) [Häuser]block, der

    block of flats/offices — Wohnblock, der/Bürohaus, das

    7) (Amer.): (area between streets) Block, der
    8) (large quantity) Masse, die
    9) (pad of paper) Block, der
    10) (obstruction) Verstopfung, die
    11) (mental barrier)

    a mental block — eine geistige Sperre; Mattscheibe o. Art. (salopp)

    12)

    block and tackle — Flaschenzug, der

    2. transitive verb
    1) (obstruct) blockieren, versperren [Tür, Straße, Durchgang, Sicht]; verstopfen [Nase]; blockieren [Fortschritt]; abblocken [Ball, Torschuss]
    2) (Commerc.) einfrieren [Investitionen, Guthaben]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/84699/block_off">block off
    * * *
    [blok] 1. noun
    1) (a flat-sided mass of wood or stone etc: blocks of stone.) der Block
    2) (a piece of wood used for certain purposes: a chopping-block.) der Hackklotz
    3) (a connected group of houses, offices etc: a block of flats; an office block.) der (Wohn-)Block
    4) (a barrier: a road block.) das Hindernis
    5) ((especially American) a group of buildings bounded by four streets: a walk round the block.) der Häuserblock
    2. verb
    (to make (progress) difficult or impossible: The crashed cars blocked the road.) versperren
    3. verb
    The ships blockaded the town.) blockieren
    - blockage
    - blocked
    - block capital/letter
    - blockhead
    * * *
    [blɒk, AM blɑ:k]
    I. n
    1. (solid lump) of metal, stone, wood Block m
    \block of wood Holzklotz m
    2. (toy)
    building \block Bauklötzchen nt, Bauklotz m
    3. (for executions)
    ▪ the \block der Richtblock
    to go [or be sent] to the \block hingerichtet werden
    4. SPORT Startblock m
    to be first off the [starting] \blocks als Erster vom Start wegkommen
    5. BRIT (commercial package) butter, ice cream Packung f
    \block of chocolate Block m [o [dicke] Tafel] Schokolade
    6. AUTO
    engine \block Motorblock m
    7. (set) Paket nt; esp BRIT (pad of paper) Block m
    \block of shares Aktienpaket nt
    \block of tickets [Eintritts]karten pl in fortlaufender Reihe
    sketch \block Zeichenblock m
    8. (unit) of time, exams, seats Block m
    9. BRIT (building) Hochhaus nt, Klotz m pej
    \block of flats Mehrfamilienhaus nt, Wohnblock m, Geschosswohnungsbau m fachspr
    high-rise office [or tower] \block Bürohochhaus nt
    hospital \block in prison Krankenhaustrakt m
    shower \block Duschraum m
    H-\block in prison H-Block m, H-Trakt m
    10. esp AM, AUS (part of neighbourhood) [Häuser]block m
    to go [or walk] around the \block eine Runde um den Block drehen
    11. usu sing (obstruction) Verstopfung f
    12. (impediment) Hemmung f, Blockierung f
    his attitude is a \block to progress seine Einstellung hemmt den Fortschritt
    to have a mental \block eine geistige Sperre haben; (in exam) einen Black-out haben
    the workers in this company have got a mental \block about change die Arbeiter dieser Firma sperren sich innerlich gegen jede Veränderung
    13. FIN
    to put a \block on an account ein Konto sperren lassen
    14. (ballet shoe) Ballettschuh m (mit Zehenverstärkung)
    15. (pulley) Block m, Rolle f
    16. COMPUT [Text]block m
    17. TYPO Druckstock m, Klischee nt fachspr
    18.
    ▶ to be/sit/stand like a \block of stone wie versteinert sein/dasitzen/dastehen
    ▶ to be a chip off the old \block ganz der Vater sein
    ▶ to knock sb's \block off ( fam) jdm eins aufs Maul geben sl
    ▶ to be like a \block of ice [gefühls]kalt sein
    ▶ to be the new kid on the \block der/die Neue sein
    ▶ to put one's head on the \block for sb für jdn durchs Feuer gehen
    II. adj attr, inv
    to make \block bookings blockweise reservieren
    III. vt
    1. (hinder passage)
    ▪ to \block sth etw blockieren
    to \block an artery/a pore/a pipeline eine Arterie/Pore/Pipeline verstopfen
    to \block an exit/a passage einen Ausgang/Durchgang verstellen [o versperren]
    to \block the traffic den Verkehr blockieren [o aufhalten
    ▪ to \block sth etw blockieren
    to \block progress den Fortschritt aufhalten [o hemmen]
    to \block a project ein Vorhaben durchkreuzen
    to \block a proposal einen Vorschlag blockieren
    to \block sb's view/way jdm die Sicht/den Weg versperren
    ▪ to \block sb jdm im Weg stehen
    3. FIN
    to \block an account ein Konto sperren
    to \block payment die Zahlung verweigern
    to \block the ball den Ball abblocken
    to \block one's opponent den Gegner blockieren
    * * *
    [blɒk]
    1. n
    1) Block m, Klotz m; (= executioner's block) Richtblock m; (= engine block) Motorblock m

    huge ugly blocks of concrete —

    to be sent to/to go to the block — dem Henker überantwortet werden/vor den Henker treten

    2) (= building) Block m

    she lived in the next block/three blocks from us (esp US) — sie wohnte im nächsten Block/drei Blocks or Straßen weiter

    3) (= division of seats) Block m
    4) (= obstruction in pipe MED) Verstopfung f; (mental) geistige Sperre (about in Bezug auf +acc), Mattscheibe f (inf)

    I've a mental block about it — da habe ich totale Mattscheibe (inf)

    5) (COMPUT) Block m
    6) (of tickets, shares) Block m
    7) (inf

    = head) to knock sb's block off — jdm eins überziehen (inf)

    8) (usu pl) Startblock m

    to be first off the ( starting) blocks (fig) — als Erster aus den Startlöchern kommen

    new kid on the block (inf) — Neuling m, Newcomer m (inf)

    9) (in ballet shoe) Spitzenverstärkung f; (= ballet shoe) spitzenverstärkter Ballettschuh
    10) (TYP) Druckstock m
    2. vt
    1) road, harbour, wheel, deal, move, sale blockieren; plans also im Wege stehen (+dat); traffic also, progress aufhalten; pipe verstopfen; (FTBL) one's opponent blocken; ball stoppen

    to block sb's way/view — jdm den Weg/die Sicht versperren

    2) credit sperren
    3) (COMPUT) blocken
    3. vi (SPORT)
    blocken
    * * *
    block [blɒk; US blɑk]
    A s
    1. a) Block m, Klotz m (aus Stein, Holz, Metall etc)
    b) ARCH (hohler) Baustein
    c) Baustein m, (Bau)Klötzchen n (für Kinder)
    2. Hackklotz m
    3. the block der Richtblock:
    go to the block das Schafott besteigen;
    send sb to the block jemanden aufs Schafott schicken
    4. (Schreib-, Notiz- etc) Block m
    5. Buchbinderei: Prägestempel m
    6. Perückenstock m
    7. umg Birne f (Kopf): if you do that again I’ll knock your block off! mach ich Hackfleisch aus dir!
    8. Hutstock m
    a) Lochholz n
    b) Leisten m
    10. TYPO
    a) Klischee n, Druckstock m
    b) Justierblock m (für Stereotypieplatten)
    c) Farbstein m (für Klischees)
    11. TECH Block m, Kloben m, Rolle f:
    block and tackle Flaschenzug m
    12. TECH (Auflage)Block m, Sockel m, Gestell n
    13. AUTO (Motor-, Zylinder-) Block m
    14. TECH Block m (dicke Platte aus Kunststoffhalbzeug)
    15. BAHN Blockstrecke f
    16. a) auch block of flats Br Wohnhaus n, -block m
    c) besonders US (Häuser)Block m:
    three blocks from here drei Straßen weiter
    17. Bauland n
    18. a) besonders Siedlungsgrundstück n
    b) oft Block Stadtpromenade f
    19. besonders US go on the block zurVersteigerung kommen;
    put on the block zur Versteigerung anbieten
    20. SPORT (Start) Block m
    21. fig Block m, Gruppe f, z. B.
    a) auch block of shares (bes US stocks) WIRTSCH Aktienpaket n
    b) auch block of seats THEAT etc (Zuschauer)Block m
    c) auch block of information IT Datenblock m
    d) Statistik: Testgruppe f
    22. MED Blockierung f, Block m:
    mental block fig (geistige) Sperre
    23. a) Hindernis n
    b) Absperrung f, Sperre f
    c) Verstopfung f, (Verkehrs) Stockung f, (-)Stauung f:
    there was a block in the pipe das Rohr war verstopft
    24. Philatelie: (Vierer- etc) Block m
    25. SPORT Abblocken n (eines Gegenspielers, Schlags etc)
    26. Volleyball: Block m
    B v/t
    1. (auf einem Block) formen
    2. Buchbinderei: (mit Prägestempeln) pressen
    3. TECH
    a) sperren
    b) aufbocken
    4. a) hemmen, hindern (auch fig)
    b) fig verhindern, durchkreuzen:
    block a bill PARL Br die Annahme eines Gesetzentwurfes (durch Hinausziehen der Beratung) verhindern
    5. a) (ab-, ver)sperren, blockieren
    b) verstopfen:
    a blocked artery MED eine verstopfte Arterie;
    my nose is blocked meine Nase ist verstopft oder zu;
    block one’s ears sich die Ohren zustopfen;
    block one’s ears to fig sich einer Sache verschließen
    6. WIRTSCH Konten sperren, Geld einfrieren, blockieren:
    blocked account Sperrkonto n;
    blocked credit eingefrorener Kredit
    7. CHEM blockieren, Säuren neutralisieren, einen Katalysator inaktivieren
    8. SPORT einen Gegenspieler, Schlag etc abblocken
    C v/i
    1. SPORT seinen Gegenspieler, den Schlag etc abblocken
    2. (unerwünscht) zusammenkleben (Papier)
    3. TECH blockieren (Rad etc)
    bl. abk
    1. WIRTSCH bale
    2. WIRTSCH barrel
    5. blue
    blk abk
    3. bulk
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (large piece) Klotz, der

    block of wood — Holzklotz, der

    2) (for chopping on) Hackklotz, der
    3) (for beheading on) Richtblock, der
    4) (large mass of concrete or stone; building-stone) Block, der
    5) (coll.): (head)
    6) (of buildings) [Häuser]block, der

    block of flats/offices — Wohnblock, der/Bürohaus, das

    7) (Amer.): (area between streets) Block, der
    8) (large quantity) Masse, die
    9) (pad of paper) Block, der
    10) (obstruction) Verstopfung, die

    a mental block — eine geistige Sperre; Mattscheibe o. Art. (salopp)

    12)

    block and tackle — Flaschenzug, der

    2. transitive verb
    1) (obstruct) blockieren, versperren [Tür, Straße, Durchgang, Sicht]; verstopfen [Nase]; blockieren [Fortschritt]; abblocken [Ball, Torschuss]
    2) (Commerc.) einfrieren [Investitionen, Guthaben]
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    (building) n.
    Trakt -e m. n.
    Block ¨-e m.
    Klotz ¨-er m. v.
    absperren v.
    blockieren v.
    verstopfen v.

    English-german dictionary > block

  • 6 látigo

    m.
    1 whip, scourge, riding whip, lash.
    2 slapstick.
    * * *
    1 whip
    * * *
    noun m.
    whip, lash
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=instrumento) whip
    2) And (=sonido) crack ( of the whip)
    3) Cono Sur (Dep) finishing post, finishing line
    4) And, Cono Sur (=jinete) horseman, rider
    * * *
    masculino whip
    * * *
    = cat o'nine tails, whip.
    Ex. Another nautical phrase is 'no room to swing a cat' and refers to the fact that on the cannon decks of most naval ships there was no room to administer punishment by use of the cat o'nine tails.
    Ex. Prisons were invented to substitute for the whip, stocks, banishment, & fines.
    ----
    * antena tipo radio = whip antenna.
    * efecto látigo, el = whip effect, the.
    * * *
    masculino whip
    * * *
    = cat o'nine tails, whip.

    Ex: Another nautical phrase is 'no room to swing a cat' and refers to the fact that on the cannon decks of most naval ships there was no room to administer punishment by use of the cat o'nine tails.

    Ex: Prisons were invented to substitute for the whip, stocks, banishment, & fines.
    * antena tipo radio = whip antenna.
    * efecto látigo, el = whip effect, the.

    * * *
    A (rebenque) whip
    Compuesto:
    riding crop
    * * *

     

    látigo sustantivo masculino
    whip
    látigo sustantivo masculino whip
    ' látigo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    azotar
    - azote
    - chascar
    - chasquear
    - hostigar
    - chasquido
    - chicote
    English:
    crack
    - flick
    - lash
    - swish
    - whip
    * * *
    1. [fusta] whip
    2. [en feria] whip
    3. Ecuad, Hond [latigazo] whiplash
    4. Chile [meta] finishing post
    * * *
    m whip
    * * *
    azote: whip
    * * *
    látigo n whip

    Spanish-English dictionary > látigo

  • 7 Williams, Thomas

    [br]
    b. 13 May 1737 Cefn Coch, Anglesey, Wales
    d. 29 November 1802 Bath, England
    [br]
    Welsh lawyer, mine-owner and industrialist.
    [br]
    Williams was articled by his father, Owen Williams of Treffos in Anglesey, to the prominent Flintshire lawyer John Lloyd, whose daughter Catherine he is believed to have married. By 1769 Williams, lessee of the mansion and estate of Llanidan, was an able lawyer with excellent connections in Anglesey. His life changed dramatically when he agreed to act on behalf of the Lewis and Hughes families of Llysdulas, who had begun a lawsuit against Sir Nicholas Bayly of Plas Newydd concerning the ownership and mineral rights of copper mines on the western side of Parys mountain. During a prolonged period of litigation, Williams managed these mines for Margaret Lewis on behalf of Edward Hughes, who was established after a judgement in Chancery in 1776 as one of two legal proprietors, the other being Nicholas Bayly. The latter then decided to lease his portion to the London banker John Dawes, who in 1778 joined Hughes and Thomas Williams when they founded the Parys Mine Company.
    As the active partner in this enterprise, Williams began to establish his own smelting and fabricating works in South Wales, Lancashire and Flintshire, where coal was cheap. He soon broke the power of Associated Smelters, a combine holding the Anglesey mine owners to ransom. The low production cost of Anglesey ore gave him a great advantage over the Cornish mines and he secured very profitable contracts for the copper sheathing of naval and other vessels. After several British and French copper-bottomed ships were lost because of corrosion failure of the iron nails and bolts used to secure the sheathing, Williams introduced a process for manufacturing heavily work-hardened copper bolts and spikes which could be substituted directly for iron fixings, avoiding the corrosion difficulty. His new product was adopted by the Admiralty in 1784 and was soon used extensively in British and European dockyards.
    In 1785 Williams entered into partnership with Lord Uxbridge, son and heir of Nicholas Bayly, to run the Mona Mine Company at the Eastern end of Parys Mountain. This move ended much enmity and litigation and put Williams in effective control of all Anglesey copper. In the same year, Williams, with Matthew Boulton and John Wilkinson, persuaded the Cornish miners to establish a trade cooperative, the Cornish Metal Company, to market their ores. When this began to fall in 1787, Williams took over its administration, assets and stocks and until 1792 controlled the output and sale of all British copper. He became known as the "Copper King" and the output of his many producers was sold by the Copper Offices he established in London, Liverpool and Birmingham. In 1790 he became Member of Parliament for the borough of Great Marlow, and in 1792 he and Edward Hughes established the Chester and North Wales Bank, which in 1900 was absorbed by the Lloyds group.
    After 1792 the output of the Anglesey mines started to decline and Williams began to buy copper from all available sources. The price of copper rose and he was accused of abusing his monopoly. By this time, however, his health had begun to deteriorate and he retreated to Bath.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.R.Harris, 1964, The "Copper King", Liverpool University Press.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Williams, Thomas

  • 8 δόρυ

    δόρυ, τό, [dialect] Att. gen. δόρατος, rare in Poets, as Ar.Ach. 1120, late [dialect] Ep. dat. pl.
    A

    δοράτεσσι Q.S.6.363

    : [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. decl., gen. δούρατος (also in Pi.P.4.38); dat. δούρατι (also in S.Ph. 721 (lyr.)); pl. δούρατα, δούρασι (but codd. of Hdt. usu. have δόρατα, δόρασι): more commonly δουρός, δουρί (but

    δορί Archil.2.1

    ); dual δοῦρε; pl. δοῦρα, δούρων, δούρεσσι; dat. pl.

    δούροις Opp.H.3.573

    : Trag., gen. δορός; dat. δορί or δόρει, the former required by metre in A.Th. 347, 456, 958, Ag. 111, E.Hec. 909, Ph. 186, etc. (all lyr.), also in Id.Hec.5; δόρει is required in S.OC 620, 1314, 1386;

    ξὺν δορὶ ξὺν ἀσπίδι Ar.V. 1081

    , but

    σὺν δόρει σὺν ἀσπίδι Achae.29

    , cf. Choerob. in Theod.1.346; δορί occurs in Prose in the phrases δορὶ ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν (v. infr. 11.2): nom. pl.

    δόρη E. Rh. 274

    , Theopomp.Com.25; gen.

    δορῶν Hsch.

    : nom.

    δοῦρας AP6.97

     (Antiphil.). Exc. sg. δόρυ, Hom. uses only the [dialect] Ion. forms:
    I stem, tree,

    οὔπω τοῖον ἀνήλυθεν ἐκ δόρυ γαίης Od.6.167

    ; but commonly, plank or beam,

    δοῦρ' ἐλάτης κέρσαντες Il.24.450

    ;

    δούρατα μακρὰ ταμών Od.5.162

    , cf. Il.3.61;

    δούρατα πύργων 12.36

    ;

    δούρατ' ἀμάξης Hes.Op. 456

    ; mostly of ships, δόρυ νήϊον ship's plank, Il.15.410, etc.;

    νήϊα δοῦρα Od.9.498

    ; also, mast, E.Tr. 1148: hence,
    2 δ. εἰνάλιον, ἀμφῆρες, of a ship, Pi.P.4.27, E.Cyc.15;

    δ. ποντοπόρον S.Ph. 721

     (lyr.); also δόρυ alone, A.Pers. 411, Ag. 1618, E.Hel. 1611;

    ἐπ' Ἀργῴου δορός Id.Andr. 793

    ; also δούρων, of oars, Hymn.Is.152.
    3 pillory, stocks,

    ἐν δουρὶ δεθεὶς αὐχένα Anacr.21.9

    .
    II shaft of a spear, δόρυ μείλινον the ashen shaft, Il.5.666, al.: hence, generally, spear itself,

    δ. χάλκεον 13.247

    ;

    ἀσπίδα καὶ δύο δοῦρε Od.1.256

    , etc.; hunting-spear, Il.12.303; δόρατα ναύμαχα boarding-pikes, Hdt.7.89: freq. in military phrases, v. πέλεκυς 1; εἰς δόρατος πληγήν within spear's throw, X.Eq.8.10;

    εἰς δόρυ ἀφικόμενοι Id.HG4.3.17

    ; ἐπὶ δόρυ to the right hand, in which the spear was held, opp. ἐπ' ἀσπίδα, Id.An.4.3.29 (cf. κλίνω IV. 3,

    κλίσις 111

    );

    παρὰ δόρυ Id.Lac.11.10

    ;

    εἰς δόρυ Id.HG6.5.18

    ;

    τὴν ἐμβολὴν ἐκ δόρατος ποιεῖσθαι Plb.3.115.9

    :— ὑπὸ δόρυ πωλεῖσθαι, = Lat. sub hasta venire, D.H.4.24, cf. Str.4.6.7.
    b pole of a standard, X.Cyr.7.1.4.
    c sceptre, E.Hec. 9.
    d stick used as tourniquet, Hp.Nat.Puer.24.
    2 metaph., δουρὶ κτεατίζειν win wealth by the spear, i.e. in war, Il.16.57; ὑπὸ δουρὶ πόλιν πέρθαι ib. 708; in Prose, δορὶ ἑλεῖν, λαβεῖν, Th.1.128, App. BC4.8; an armed force,

    συμμάχῳ δ. A.Eu. 773

    ;

    δ. ἐπακτοῦ S.OC 1525

    ; καὶ τὸ δ. καὶ τὸ κηρύκειον πέμπειν to offer war or peace, Plb. 4.52.4. (Cf. Skt. dā´ru 'piece of wood', δορά (B), δρῦς.)

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > δόρυ

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